The History of Aluminum and Charles Martin Hall

Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the earths crust, but it is always found in a compound rather than an easily-refined ore. Alum is one such compound. Scientists tried to tease the metal out of alum, but the process was costly until Charles Martin Hall patented an inexpensive method to produce aluminum in 1889. History of Aluminum Production Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish chemist, was the first to produce tiny amounts of aluminum in 1825, German chemist Friedrich Wà ¶hler developed a method that produced enough to study the metals basic properties in 1845. French chemist  Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville finally developed a process that allowed commercial production of aluminum. However, the resulting metal still sold for $40 per kilogram in 1859. Pure aluminum was so rare at that time it was considered a precious metal.   Charles Martin Hall Discovers the Secret of Cheap Aluminum Production On April 2, 1889, Charles Martin Hall patented an inexpensive method for the production of aluminum, which brought the metal into wide commercial use. Charles Martin Hall had just graduated from Oberlin College (located in Oberlin, Ohio) in 1885 with a bachelors degree in chemistry  when he invented his method of manufacturing pure aluminum. Charles Martin Halls method of processing the metal ore was to pass an electric current through a non-metallic conductor (molten sodium fluoride compound was used) to separate the very conductive aluminum. In 1889, Charles Martin Hull was awarded U.S. patent number 400,666 for his process. His patent conflicted with that of Paul L.T. Heroult who arrived at the same process independently at practically the same time. Hall had enough evidence of the date of his discovery that the United States patent was award to him rather than Heroult. In 1888, together with financier Alfred E. Hunt, Charles Martin Hall founded the Pittsburgh Reduction Company now known as the Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA). By 1914, Charles Martin Hall had brought the cost of aluminum down to 18 cents a pound, and it was no longer considered a precious metal. His discovery made him a wealthy man. Hall obtained several more patents to improve the production of aluminum. He received the Perkin Medal in 1911 for outstanding achievement in applied chemistry. He was on the Board of Trustees for Oberlin College and left them $10 million for their endowment when he died in 1914. Aluminum from Bauxite Ore One other inventor needs to be noted, Karl Joseph Bayer, an Austrian chemist, developed a new process in 1888 that could cheaply obtain aluminum oxide from bauxite. Bauxite is an ore that contains a large amount of aluminum hydroxide (Al2O3 ·3H2O), along with other compounds. The Hall-Hà ©roult and Bayer methods are still used today to produce nearly all of the worlds aluminum. Aluminum Foil Metal foil has been around for centuries. Foil is solid metal that has been reduced to leaf-like thinness by beating or rolling. The first mass-produced and widely used foil was made from tin. Tin was later replaced by aluminum in 1910, when the first aluminum foil rolling plant â€Å"Dr. Lauber, Neher Cie., Emmishofen.† was opened in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. The plant, owned by J.G. Neher Sons (aluminum manufacturers) started in 1886 in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, at the foot of the Rhine Falls - capturing the falls’ energy to produce aluminum. Nehers sons together with Dr. Lauber discovered the endless rolling process and the use of aluminum foil as a protective barrier. From there began the wide use of aluminum foil in the packaging of chocolate bars and tobacco products. Processes evolved to include the use of print, color, lacquer, laminate and the embossing of the aluminum.

The Hog Problem Case Study Integrated Logistics Essay

The Hog Problem: Integrated Logistics Executive Summary The hog slaughtering plant located in Brendon, Manitoba has the capacity to slaughter 2.5 million hogs per year, around 50,000 per week and 10,000 per day. Hogs arrive at the slaughter plant from all over Manitoba and certain parts of Saskatchewan via truck. Every farm is located within a different distance from the slaughter facility and delivery lead times vary from as low as half an hour to as high as three and a half hours. Farms vary in size, which impacts the lot sizes for each respective farm. This variation in size subsequently affects the loading/unloading time span, which vary from one and half hour to four and half hours. The number of farms†¦show more content†¦These waiting times severely delay trucks and thus increase the cost of transportation and extend the lead times. Moreover, the trucks inefficient utilization have negative affects on the fixed cost of owned vehicles. Dependency on Farmers Delivery Nature: Tactical Timing: Short Term Approximately 25% of the shipments to the plant arrive in farmer-owned trucks. These shipments vary in size from 50 to 200 hogs. The farmer’s scheduled delivery affects the overall hogs supply, and the plant is heavily dependent on the farmers schedule accuracy. Lead Time Fluctuation Nature: Tactical Timing: Short Term Lead time varies significantly, which affects the inventory cycle. The plant has to set a safety stock that will protect the production against stock outs, vehicle breakdowns, weather related delays and the shortage of supply from farmers and hogs barns. PART 2- ENVIRONMENTAL AND ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS The hog slaughtering plant located in Brendon, Manitoba has the capacity to slaughter 2.5 million hogs per year, around 50,000 per week and 10,000 per day. Hogs arrive at the slaughter plant from all over Manitoba and certain parts of Saskatchewan by trucks. Every farm is located within a different distance from the slaughter facility and delivery lead times vary from as low as half an hour to as high as three and a half hours. Farms vary in size, which impacts the lot sizes for each respective farm.Show MoreRelatedAn Industry Study on the Intensive Pig Farming Industry15104 Words   |  61 Pagestake the risk duly present in businesses dealing with the propagation of life. Industry Study Background of the Industry Hog raising is our industry of choice. Intensive pig farming, the focus of our industry analysis, is the practice of raising domestic swine up to its slaughter weight in a confinement. Pigs are being raised on a massive scale, which results in a dense hog population within the confines of hog houses. The domestication of pigs started five thousand to nine thousand years ago. 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Frankenstein Essay Introduction Example For Students

Frankenstein Essay Introduction Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley is a complex novel that was written during the ageof Romanticism. It contains many typical themes of a common Romantic novel suchas dark laboratories, the moon, and a monster; however, Frankenstein is anythingbut a common novel. Many lessons are embedded into this novel, including howsociety acts towards the different. The monster fell victim to the systemcommonly used to characterize a person by only his or her outer appearance. Whether people like it or not, society always summarizes a personscharacteristics by his or her physical appearance. Society has set anunbreakable code individuals must follow to be accepted. Those who dont followthe standard are hated by the crowd and banned for the reason ofbeing different. When the monster ventured into a townmonster hadhardly placed his foot within the door children shrieked, and womenfainted (101). From that moment on he realized that people did not likehis appearance and hated him because of it. If villagers didnt run away at thesight of him, then they might have even enjoyed his personality. The monstertried to accomplish this when he encountered the De Lacey family. The monsterhoped to gain friendship from the old man and eventually his children. He knewthat it could have been possible because the old man was blind, he could not seethe monsters repulsive characteristics. But fate was against him and thewretched had barely conversed with the old man before his childrenreturned from their journey and saw a monstrous creature at the foot of theirfather attempting to do harm to the helpless elder. Felix darted forward,and with supernatural force tore the creature from his father (129). Felixs action caused great inner pain to the monster. He knew that his dream ofliving with them happily ever after would not happen. After thatbitter moment the monster believed that the human senses areinsurmountable barriers to our union with the monster (138) and with theDe Lacey encounter still fresh in his mind along with his first encounter ofhumans, he declared war on the human race. The wicked beings source of hatredtoward humans originates from his first experiences with humans. In a way themonster started out with a child-like innocence that was eventually shattered bybeing constantly rejected by society time after time. His first encounter withhumans was when he opened his yellow eyes for the first time and witnessedVictor Frankenstein, his creator, rush out of the laboratory(56). Would this have had happened if society did not consider physicalappearance to be important? No. If physical appearance were not important thenthe creature would have had a chance of being accept ed into the community withlove and care. But society does believe that physical appearance is importantand it does influence the way people act towards each other. Frankenstein shouldhave made him less offending if even he, the creator, could not stand hisdisgusting appearance. There was a moment however when Frankenstein wasmoved (139) by the creature. He felt what the duties of acreator (97) were and decided that he had to make another creature, acompanion for the original. But haunting images of his creation (from themonsters first moment of life) gave him an instinctive feeling that the monsterwould do menacing acts with his companion, wreaking twice the havoc! Reoccurringimages of painful events originating from a first encounter could fill a personwith hate and destruction. We as a society are the ones responsible for thetransformation of the once child-like creature into the monster we all know. Thepublic needs to know that our society has flaws and they must be removed befor eour primal instincts continue to isolate and hurt the people who are different. .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a , .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a .postImageUrl , .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a , .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a:hover , .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a:visited , .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a:active { border:0!important; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a:active , .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf6f09645dd7fd2d0f1207d74481894a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sexual Harassment EssayWith such a large amount of technology among us, some people may wonder why suchan advanced civilization still clings on to such primitive ways of categorizingpeople.

Landing on the Moon free essay sample

Houston this is Tranquility base, the Eagle has landed,† or did it? Some people believe this is one of the governments biggest cover ups, did Apollo 11 land on the moon or was it all a hoax and a major cover up? In this paper I will show how the facts prove that Apollo 11 did in fact land on the moon and that is was not a cover up. Nine years prior to the launch date of the Saturn V, President John F. Kennedy had said that by the end of the decade the country would put a man on the moon and return him safely to Earth. The landing of the Apollo 11 on the moon ushered in the era of the moon exploration that so far until then had gone unrivaled. When President Kennedy made his announcement it came at the height of the space race, which was a subplot to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. We will write a custom essay sample on Landing on the Moon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Soviet Union started the space race by sending the first artificial satellite into orbit, Sputnik l in October 1957 (www. nationalgeographic. com). The Apollo 11 astronauts had several tasks that they wanted to accomplish during their extravehicular activity (EVA) operations on the surface of the Moon. The astronauts planned to collect lunar samples, deploy several experiments and examine and photograph the lunar surface. The EVA lasted about 2 ? hours, and all scientific experiments were completed satisfactory, all instruments were deployed and samples were collected. Neil Armstrong emerged from the spacecraft first, and while he descended, he released the Modularized Equipment Stowage Assembly on the Lunar Module’s descent stage. There was a camera on this module that provided live television coverage of man’s first step on the Moon (www. lpi. usra. edu). Now that we have a little bit of history on Apollo 11, why we launched Saturn V into space to attempt to land a man on the moon and return him safely back to Earth and some of the things that Apollo 11 was suppose to do if and when it landed on the moon, we can now get down to the debate. Did Apollo 11 really land on the moon, or did our government succeed in one of the largest cover ups known? According to some of the conspiracy theorists that are out there and that are saying that the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon was all a hoax say that the flag was waving in the pictures and footage that we see. How can a flag wave in the wind if the surface of the moon is airless, it can’t. The flag was made from an aluminum foil substance, which would mean that there would have to be a huge fan in the studio to make it â€Å"wave† on the moon. So that points to NASA faking the landing, it must have happened in a studio where there were huge fans that would create a breeze, and that is why the flag moved (www. londonladyhubpages. com). Incorrect, there is an explanation to this theory that proves that the flag that was placed on the moon could in fact â€Å"wave† after the astronaut placed it on the moon. The reason that the flag is â€Å"waving† after the astronaut placed it on the moon, is inertia from when he let it go (www. nationalgeographic. com). Inertia is understood and described in Newton’s First Law of Motion: that an object not subject to any net external force moves at a constant velocity. Which means an object will continue to move at its current velocity until some force causes its speed or direction to change (www. wikipedia. org). Without drag or friction from the air, the momentum from the planting of the flag on the moon will last for sometime after it has been planted and let go. And that is why the flag looks like it is â€Å"waving† in the picture. There is a lot of controversy around some of the photographs that were taken on the moon, the one where Neil Armstrong and the Eagle are reflected in Buzz Aldrin’s visor or the other major one is how the shadows of the objects are in pictures, how they are not parallel. So for the first theory about only two astronauts on the moon, and who took the pictures is simple to explain. The astronauts had cameras that were mounted to their chests. In the famous picture of Neil Armstrong you can see how his arm is around his chest area, where the camera was mounted. Plus the visors of the astronauts were curved, so you cannot judge distance very well, and Buzz was a lot closer than he looked (www. nationalgeographic. com) (www. londonlady. hubpages. com). Now to prove the shadow conspiracy theory wrong, the shadows in some of the pictures were not parallel like they should have been; which some people are saying that there has to be more than one light source in order for this to happen. You can achieve this very easily, all you have to do is change the topography of where ever you are taking the pictures. That is why on the moon it we have shadows that are not parallel, the topography of the moon allows this to happen (www. youtube. com). Theory number three that we will prove to be wrong, there are no stars in any of the photographs that were taken while on the moon. Once again we go back to how the cameras were back then for one, the astronauts were using exposure settings which limited incoming background light. When you take pictures fast, the stars would not have had time to register on the film. Another reason that we did not see stars in any of the photographs from the moon landing is that the moon’s surface reflects sunlight, and that glare would have made the stars hard to see (www. nationalgeographic. com). The final theory that I am going to talk about is that of the footprints that were left on the moon by the astronauts. People say that the surface of the moon is to dry for this, and the footprints that they would have left would not have as much detail as the ones in the pictures. Truth is that moon dust, or regolith is like a finely ground powder, when you look at in under a microscope it almost resembles volcanic ash. So when you step down on it, it compresses very easily into the shape of your shoe. Plus the vacuum in space will allow for the footprints to remain in space for a very long time (www. nationalgeographic. com) (www. londonlady. hubpages. org). With all that being said I think science backs up the fact that the Apollo 11 did in fact land on the moon. For every theory from the conspiracists, there is a scientific explanation to prove them wrong. There are more theories out there I only addressed a few, but I feel that in fact the only hoax that took place here is the hoax that the conspiracy theorists are trying to pull off. The moon does not have a flat smooth topography which explains the shadows in the pictures, inertia explains why the flag moved after being placed and the makeup of moon dust explains how and why the footprints look the way they do.

The Dark Half by Stephen King essays

The Dark Half by Stephen King essays During the seventies, Stephen King wrote several stories under a pseudonym, Richard Bachman. Ten years later King incorporated the idea of a writer using a fake name in a novel called The Dark Half published by Penguin Books USA Inc. in 1989. It's the story of Thad Beaumont, a writer who lives in Ludlow, Maine. His "other" is George Stark, who writes crime novels about a killer named Alexis Machine. When it's learned that Thad Beaumont is really George Stark, he and his wife Elizabeth come up with a photo opportunity, a daylight burial of George. His tombstone at the local cemetery says it all: NOT A VERY NICE GUY. When he was 11, Thad Beaumont had to have surgery on his brain to remove what was thought to be a tumor. It turned out that the 'tumor' was something else. Thad is soon visited by Sheriff Alan Pangborn, asking questions about the mysterious murders that are going on. Somehow, Thads fingerprints are all over the crime scene. Pangborn soon learns why Thad had to have surgery when he was a kid and that he was twins. The unborn brother was absorbed into Thad and later removed from his skull when he was a boy. He had suffered from severe headaches, and it was originally thought to be a tumor causing them. Somehow, Stark resurrects himself and starts to kill everyone he believes is responsible for his "death".After Stark murders the people responsible for his death he makes contact with Thad. All Stark seems to want is for Thad to write another novel as his pseudonym, and he is going to go to any length to get him to do it. Thad experiences blackouts every now and then. Soon, he finds out that him and George share a telepathic bond. This explains how he can see George's murderous rampages, and how the two can telegraph pain to one another. This is a very good book that starts out a little too slow. The pace set at the start of the book doesn't really pick up like you might expect. As you start ...

Ancient Greek and Roman Clothing

Ancient Greek and Roman Clothing Ancient Greeks and Romans wore similar clothing, usually made at home. One of the principal occupations of women in ancient society was weaving. Women wove garments generally of wool or linen for their families, although the very wealthy could also afford silk and cotton. Research suggests that fabrics were often brightly colored and decorated with elaborate designs. In general, the women wove a single square or rectangular piece of clothing that could have multiple uses. It could be a garment, a blanket, or even a shroud. Infants and young children often went naked. Greco-Roman clothing for both women and men consisted of two main garments- a tunic (either a peplos or chiton) and a cloak (himation or toga). Both women and men wore sandals, slippers, soft shoes, or boots, although at home they usually went barefoot. Tunics, Togas, and Mantles Roman togas were white woolen strips of cloth about six feet wide and 12 feet long. They were draped over the shoulders and body and worn over a linen tunic. Children and commoners wore natural or off-white togas, while Roman senators wore brighter, whiter togas. Colored stripes on the toga designated particular occupations or statuses; for example, magistrates togas had purple stripes and edging. Togas were relatively unwieldy to wear, so they were reserved for formal or leisure events. While togas had their place, most working people needed more practical clothing on a daily basis. As a result, most ancient people wore one or more tunics, large rectangles of cloth known as a peplos and/or a chiton. Peplos are heavier and usually not sewn but pinned; chitons were about twice the size of the peplos, made of a lighter fabric and generally seamed. The tunic was the basic garment: it could also be used as an undergarment. Instead of a toga, some Roman women wore an ankle-length, pleated dress known as the stola, which could have long sleeves and fastened at the shoulder with the clasp known as a fibula. Such garments were worn over the tunics and under the palla. Prostitutes wore togas instead of the stola. The Layered Effect A typical outfit for a woman might start with a strophion, a soft band wrapped around the mid-section of the body. Over the strophion could be draped the peplos, a large rectangle of heavy fabric, usually wool, folded over along the upper edge to create a double layer in front called an overfold (apoptygma). The top edge would be draped to reach to the waist. The peplos was fastened at the shoulders, armhole openings were left on each side, and the peplos might or might not be cinched with a belt.   Instead of a peplos, a woman might wear a chiton, made of a much lighter material, usually imported linen which sometimes was diaphanous or semi-transparent. Made with twice as much material as the peplos, the chiton was wide enough to allow sleeves to be fastened along the upper arms with pins or buttons. Both the peplos and chiton were floor-length, and usually long enough to be pulled over a belt, creating a soft pouch called a kolpos.  Ã‚   Over the  tunic would go a mantle of some sort. This was the rectangular himation for the Greeks, and pallium or palla for the Romans, draped over the left arm and under the right. Roman male citizens also wore a toga instead of the Greek himation, or a large rectangular or semicircular shawl that would be worn pinned on the right shoulder or joined at the front of the body. Cloaks and Outerwear In inclement weather or for reasons of fashion, Romans would wear certain outer garments, mostly cloaks or capes pinned at the shoulder, fastened down the front or possibly pulled over the head. Wool was the most common material, but some could be leather. Shoes and sandals were ordinarily made of leather, although shoes might be wool felt. Throughout the Bronze and Iron ages, womens and mens fashion choices varied greatly as they fell in and out of style. In Greece, the peplos was the earliest developed, and the chiton first appeared in the sixth century BCE, only to fall out of favor again in the fifth century. Sources and Further Information Ancient Greek Dress. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003.Casson, Lionel. Greek and Roman Clothing: Some Technical Terms. Glotta 61.3/4 (1983): 193–207.Cleland, Liza, Glenys Davies, and Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones. Greek and Roman Dress from A to Z. London: Routledge, 2007.Croom, Alexandra. Roman Clothing and Fashion. Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing, 2010.Harlow, Mary E. Dressing to Please Themselves: Clothing Choices for Roman Women. Dress and Identity. Ed. Harlow, Mary E. Bar International Series 2536. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2012. 37–46.Olsen, Kelly. Dress and the Roman Woman: Self-Presentation and Society. London: Routledge, 2012.  Smith, Stephanie Ann, and Debby Sneed. Womens Dress in Archaic Greece: The Peplos, Chiton, and Himation. Classics Department, University of Colorado Boulder, June 18, 2018.

Sufficiency Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sufficiency Economy - Essay Example 3. Prudent trading dispositions despite competition; 4. Fervent desire for knowledge to transcend dearth and develop the passion for labor to earn an honest living; and 5. A people of wisdom in all their humanly ways. During the training sessions, the four (4) basic virtues advocated by His Majesty the King were taught with the corresponding goals for the corporate sector of society: 1. Enhancement of the knowledge of cost-effective measures which would ensure adherence to sensible expenditures, thus resulting to quality living for the employees at work and at home; 2. Encouragement and inspiration to gain appropriate and up-to-the-minute technological skills to enhance personal as well as national productivity; and 3. Boost the business administration expertise within the precept of limited resources to achieve a stance that is at par with the well developed markets. Objective It is the aspiration of this sufficiency economic program that all the participants to every training session will understand and be acquainted with the application of the philosophy to their organizations. Logic Model Sufficiency Economic Theory naturally pursues the cyclic pattern of development: Pattern of Development Awareness: His Majesty the King usually visits sections in Thailand to explain to his people the nature of sufficiency economy. Interest: His Majesty the King labeled his projects: Kaem-Ling which means 'monkey cheek', a flood management system; Namdee Lai Nam Sien, 'good water expel polluted water' or the water dilution project, which He comprehensively explains that the public may understand (The Chaipattana Foundation,...Many may have acknowledged that sufficiency economy lift up the standard of living, brighten one's perspective and add passion to labor. Moreover, sufficiency economy is a growing trend that guarantees a safer future. Sufficiency Economy program or financial system is a strategy implemented to drive an unwavering trend towards Thailand's economic sustainability. This groundwork prepares the country for any eventuality along sociological, environmental, technological or political spheres. It is the aspiration of this sufficiency economic program that all the participants to every training session will understand and be acquainted with the application of the philosophy to their organizations. means 'monkey cheek', a flood management system; Namdee Lai Nam Sien, 'good water expel polluted water' or the water dilution project, which He comprehensively explains that the public may understand (The Chaipattana Foundation, 1996). Trial: Prior to His Majesty the King's introduction of projects to the public, He usually had a study and research conducted to accurately determine the possibility and suitability of situations in locations across Thailand. Adoption: His Majesty the King made His two royal projects available for viewing and study at the Royal Development Study Center and other centers of the country for his people to appreciate and emulate. This sufficiency economy training program will be con

The Vietnam War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Vietnam War - Research Paper Example The war resulted in over 2 million civilian casualties and came to an end with the defeat of South Vietnam and (but) eventually the country was unified (Pillai). The roots of the war date back to the colonial rule of Vietnam by the French. During World War II, the Japanese defeated the French and took control of Vietnam after which despite several attempts the French failed to reimpose their colonial rule. After a 9 year struggle (from 1946 to 1954) of the Vietnamese Army for independence against the French colonial rule, the Geneva Accords of 1954 divided the country into North and South Vietnam. After the partition, North Vietnam was supported by China and The Soviet Union and South Vietnam was obviously supported by the United States. United States President Dwight Eisenhower and Vice-President Richard Nixon justified their support for the South Vietnam by putting forward the Domino Theory, which said that if one country falls to communism the others in the region would follow suit and then communism would spread rapidly across the world (Domino Theory). The war took off when a Pro-American Ngo Dinh Diem came to power in South Vietnam. He was anti-communist and was a perfect candidate to be supported by the United States for their plan to establish an anti-communist government in the South. Diem was popular amongst the Catholics in Vietnam but he faced serious resistance by the non-Christians Vietnamese. To keep Diem in power, the U.S started sending exorbitant amounts of military aid to protect Diem’s regime.... It was fought between the North Vietnam (Communist) and South Vietnam (United States). The war resulted in over 2 million civilian casualties and came to an end with the defeat of South Vietnam and (but) eventually the country was unified (Pillai). The roots of the war date back to the colonial rule of Vietnam by the French. During World War II, the Japanese defeated the French and took control of Vietnam after which despite several attempts the French failed to re-impose their colonial rule. After a 9 year struggle (from 1946 to 1954) of the Vietnamese Army for independence against the French colonial rule, the Geneva Accords of 1954 divided the country into North and South Vietnam. After the partition, North Vietnam was supported by China and Soviet Union and South Vietnam was obviously supported by the United States. United States President Dwight Eisenhower and Vice-President Richard Nixon justified their support for the South Vietnam by putting forward the Domino Theory, which s aid that if one country falls to communism the others in the region would follow suit and then communism would spread rapidly across the world (Domino Thory). The war took off when a Pro-American Ngo Dinh Diem came to power in South Vietnam. He was anti-communist and was a perfect candidate to be supported by United States for their plan to establish an anti-communist government in the South. Diem was popular amongst the Catholics in Vietnam but he faced serious resistance by the non-Christians Vietnamese. To keep Diem in power, the U.S started sending exorbitant amounts of military aid to protect Diem’s regime. This marked the American military presence in the region which increased dramatically over time. It is popular belief that Diem

Social Networking on Relationships Essay Example for Free

Social Networking on Relationships Essay Social networking sites have a negative influence on children, teenagers and adults. â€Å"A social networking site can be defined as an online service that is based around the building and reflecting of social relations among individuals with common interests or social ties,† . Social networking sites such as Facebook, Skype, and Twitter all vary slightly. They can enable users to create a profile and them to interact through email, IM and other integrated communication channels within the site. The popularity and growth of social networking sites over the past five years has been enormous. Today, there are more than 1 billion active users on face book and users spend over 700 billion minutes per month on this social networking site. As the technology improves and advances, social networking sites have biggest impact on society and human relationships, both positive and negative. I’m going discuss the three main reasons why social networking sites bring many negative impacts pose on today’s media. One main reason social networking has an negative effect is because it ends relationships. One thing is for sure these sites are the breaking point of relationships in conversations amongst our friends and peers. Recent studies have shown that the use of social networks is a contributing factor to break ups of relationships and marriages. Studies show that the significant amount of time spent on these social networks engaged in contact with members of the opposite sex tends to create jealousy and a lack of trust which can lead to the relationship ending. â€Å"The internet makes it much easier to start a relationship, get caught and make a relationship come to an end. From what could be deemed inappropriate comments or postings, to friends of the opposite sex that stirs up feelings of jealousy and mistrust. Also, inboxes being â€Å"overly flirtatious†, lying and cheating. The second reason that social networking is bad for society is that it makes people lazy and overweight. About two decades ago, when people were bored, they would go outside and do something. Nowadays, many people just go on their phones and â€Å"tweet† about how bored they are or scroll through a friends new pictures and click the â€Å"like† button a few times. Sure, social networking might give you something â€Å"to do,† but really, you aren’t doing anything! People sit at computers and eat their self away. Children today don’t know how to communicate face to face with people. They would rather text or IM their friends than even think about having a verbal conversation with them. Children are going to school accessing the network over their phones instead of doing their work. For example, in my home town, a student saw that another student posted a status threatening to bomb the school. Everyone had to evacuate immediately. Another reason to be aware of is the illegal actions that can be performed, such as piracy, fraud, virtual shoplifting, cyber bullying, cyber stalking, sexual harassment, fake identities, or worse death. Can you imagine all of the kids approving a bunch of random people, they do not know being able to come in contact with them? Social Networks create an open access towards exposing individuals’ personal information. â€Å"This includes full name, date of birth, addresses, phone numbers, precise locations, emails, and more. † Exposed private information of adolescents causes them to be at risk with dangerous situations previous listed. Individuals attacked are highly exposed to having psychological problems, becoming afraid of outcomes, becoming depressed and using suicide as a method to stop attacks. Social networks have changed people by allowing them to befriend and contact more people more frequently and more efficiently. Unfortunately, they have also limited some face-to-face conversations with family and friends. Although social networking sites are efficient in providing ways to communicate, we need to limit our use of social networking sites in order to become stronger as individuals and to strengthen our relationships.

How Romanticism Changed Societys Way of Thinking Essay -- Romanticism

To understand how Romanticism changed the way society thought, you must first understand the meanings and reason behind the movement. The Romantic Movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries was described as a movement in the history of culture, an aesthetic style, and an attitude of mind. (Fiero) Romanticism provided expression of their thoughts and ideas toward their own societies, which was in effect predominantly in Europe and in the United States. The movement was a reaction to the Enlightenment which provided strict ideology and rationalism. The Church had much to do with the Enlightenment seeing as if religion and the importance of God were incorporated into most aspects of their culture. Thus, Romanticism was a response to the Enlightenment Movement and their religious ideology. Romantics began to believe that it was important to be in touch with your emotions. Romanticism was viewed as an assertion of intuitive individualism and the primacy of feeling. (Fiero) These ideas lead to more detail and expression in art. Portraits are perfect examples for the subject of the individual because in portraits you can see what the person was feeling. Artists typically painted as a reaction of what was going on around them and portraits gave them the opportunity to express what their society was like. Traditionally, records of individual likeness, portraits became vehicles for expressing a range of psychological and emotional states in the hands of Romantic painters. (Galitz) In the book Toward a Theory of Romanticism the author Morse Peckham gives his own idea on the theory of Romanticism. He gave his opinion on the theory of romanticism because he proclaims that while there is a definition for the romanticism movement, ... ...lt good about themselves as human beings. Because they acquired this mindset, they used their instinct to form opinions on issues that they dealt with at that time. People’s morals changed because of Romanticism and that changed the mentality of individuals for the better. Without individuality, society would yield all excitement and become very dull. Works Cited Galitz, Kathryn Calley. "Romanticism". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. Fiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition 6th ed. Vol. II New York: McGraw Hill, 2011 Print. Gleckner, Robert F., and Gerald E. Enscoe. "Toward a Theory of Romanticism." Romanticism; Points of View. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970. Print. Curran, Stuart. The Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism. Cambridge [England: Cambridge UP, 1993. Print.

Othello Commentary Essay

Shakespeare’s Othello is a play about love, jealousy and racism. Othello is a Moor, who is kidnapped as a child and brought to Venice, where he grows up, becomes a mercenary and through his bravery rises to the rank of General of the Venetian army. Othello is in love with the beautiful Desdemona, daughter of a senator and is secretly married to her. Iago, his junior, jealous of his success attempts to destroy Othello and Desdemona and through his machinations obliterates love, honour and beauty. This passage marks the beginning of Act 1 Scene 2, and we see Iago come from badmouthing Othello to Roderigo and in this scene, he badmouths Roderigo to Othello. As in the first scene, the reader is sort of a voyeur, listening in to people’s conversations and making judgements or opinions of the characters based on the conversations we hear. Iago is a clever speaker and has a way with words. He has spoken of Othello to Roderigo in the first scene and called him all kinds of insulting names and adjudged him to be a criminal and bestial man. This scene begins with Iago, Othello and some attendants making their entrance. Iago recounts his supposed conversation with Roderigo to Othello and tells him that Roderigo has insulted Othello and Iago had been very upset with him and had tried everything to save Othello’s honour. He had also told Roderigo that despite his experience in battle, he had been overlooked for the job of Othello’s deputy. In his conversation with Othello, he uses â€Å"trade of war† to demonstrate his experience as it his trade and he is an able soldier having killed many men in battle, but though Roderigo insulted Othello, it was only because of his conscience that he had been able to stop himself from stabbing Roderigo. In this manner he is able to show the goodness of his heart and also question Othello, if he remembers that he is an experienced soldier. His use of conscience and â€Å"contrived murder† attempt to show Othello that it would have been like murder, which is planned, and not the right thing to do, though he was very angry with Roderigo and would have liked to stab him, â€Å" Nine or ten times. † By using the number of times he would have liked to stab Roderigo and also â€Å"yerked him here, under the ribs† he portrays his anger but also his indecisiveness. We also see that Iago’s use of â€Å"conscience†, at this time in the play leads to the audience’s knowledge of the reality of his lack of a conscience. Othello is happy that Iago has not taken any undue action and tells him its better that things are as they remain. Iago on the other hand, continues his tirade against Roderigo and tells Othello that Roderigo kept repeating himself, he â€Å"prated† or went on and on insulting Othello and spoke â€Å"such scurvy and provoking terms†. Shakespeare’s use of alliteration â€Å"such scurvy† only emphasise the point that Iago is trying to make that Roderigo used very contemptible terms, which were an insult to Othello’s honour. Iago then tries to show that he is a compassionate man, saying, â€Å"with the little godliness I have†, in an attempt to place himself in Othello’s good books. The use of the words,† full hard forbear him† once again are an attempt to portray Iago in a good light, as he says that it took all of his control not to attack Roderigo. full† and â€Å"hard† both have similar meanings, and are used to show the amount of control it took Iago not to do anything. The next line is an abrupt departure from the subject of Roderigo and Iago suddenly asks Othello, â€Å"Are you fast married? † perhaps this is an attempt by Iago to surprise Othello in to disclosing whether he is really married to Desdemona and the word, †fast† is us ed to suggest whether this marriage has been consummated, as if it has not been then perhaps it could still be annulled. He also suggests that Desdemona’s father is a very powerful man, â€Å"Magnifico†, a word that was used for the most powerful men in Venice. He also implies that the senator is so powerful that he commands more power than the Duke of Venice and will be able to get Desdemona divorced and Othello punished very severely. Shakespeare’s use of â€Å"a voice potential† signifies a power that is extremely strong and that no one will be able to against the voice of the Magnifico. Moreover he will be able to use all the might of the law to destroy Othello, as he is also an outsider and Venetian law favoured the Venetians. Othello, on the other hand, is not cowed by Iago’s words and tells him that he is not afraid and the Magnifico can do as he pleases. He believes that his service to the state and the rest of the wealthy citizens of Venice will be enough to protect him. He believes that his services will â€Å"out tongue† his complaints meaning that his services are worth more than another’s words, even a Magnifico’s. Othello tells Iago that he shall only boast of his descent when it is necessary and will tell the world that he too is a prince and his deficiencies or â€Å"demerits† can speak for themselves when he is in front of men of a lineage as regal as his. He also tells him that it is his good fortune that he has been able to win the hand of someone as gentle as Desdemona. He compares her to the treasures of the ocean, as pearls and other sunken treasure litter the sea floor. This comparison to treasure shows the measure of his love for Desdemona and he is willing to sacrifice everything for her. Othello and Iago are surprised to see some men entering and Iago counsels Othello to hide. He tells him that Desdemona’s father and his friends have come to seek him and suggest he hide. Not surprisingly, Othello refuses as he is a honourable man and has nothing to hide, declaring, â€Å" Not I, I must be found†. The use of repetition, â€Å"I† portrays the strength and self-respect that Othello possesses. In the next line he once again repeats, â€Å"My parts, my title and my perfect soul† the repetition of the word â€Å"my† is once again used to portray the nobleness of his soul and is indicative of his honour. To his question if it is really the senator, Iago replies swearing,† By Janus, I think no. † Shakespeare uses classical allusion her by referring to Janus, the two headed Roman god, signifying Iago’s duplicity. They are met by Cassio, Othello’s lieutenant and some guards, who bid him accompany them, as the Duke wants an audience with him. Cassio uses the words, â€Å"haste-post-haste† signifying the urgency with which Othello is required to accompany them to the Duke. Othello departs while questioning Cassio to the urgency of this command. This passage lays the groundwork and shows the duplicity of Iago and the lengths he is willing to go to integrate himself with Othello, while plotting his downfall. It also becomes evident that Iago and Othello are diametrically opposite characters. Iago, who is willing to do or say anything to achieve his ambitions, while Othello is a honourable man, who is willing to do anything for his love Desdemona and is proud of his achievements and his lineage.

An Acting Critique of Legally Blonde the Musical Essay

An Acting Critique of Legally Blonde the Musical On Friday night, May 3rd at & p.m., my mother and I attended the opening night of Legally Blonde in the Buena P.A.C. I must begin by saying that I am slightly biased towards one of the actors who just so happens to be my sister, so the roles of Chutney, the girl who accidentally murdered her father, and a Delta Nu sister have never been played more perfectly in my eyes. While I found the play both amusing and enjoyable, there were some big issues as far as opening night goes. Things like lack of projection (on top of some serious microphone issues, which I cannot blame the actors for), actors forgetting lines, and sloppy blocking, especially in many of the dances during the musical numbers, all took away from the overall experience of the show. However, there were definitely some things I absolutely loved, which were mostly specific characters. Also, the quality of the singing in all the musical numbers was very high, which is something you don’t see often in a high school mus ical production. That being said, I thought it was worth my five dollars, and a great way for Buena to end its 2012-13 season. Like I said before, technical aspects such as microphone malfunctions cannot be blamed on the actors. It is the job of the technicians to ensure all of the equipment functions properly. However, I believe that actors should not rely on such technical aspects alone to ensure that they are effectively heard by every member of the audience. Call me old fashioned, but I am a firm believer in projection; making your voice bounce off the walls of the theater. After all, theaters are geometrically designed to do just that. But I guess not everyone feels that way, and it was apparent Friday night when every time an actor’s microphone went out, it was as if they were whispering. This is often detrimental to the plot because if actors cannot be heard, vital pieces of information are lost upon the audience. This issue could have been non-existent if the actors had practiced their projection. Luckily, I saw the movie first, so I knew the plot before I even watched the play. Along with not always being able to hear the actors, line memorization seemed to cause a few problems on stage Friday night as well. I will admit, it was not as apparent of a problem as was the lack of audibility at times, but I did notice it quite a few times. The example that stood out to me most was the character of Paulette, the owner of Elle’s favorite salon and close friend to Elle. She was in the middle of a solo on stage and completely dropped almost an entire verse of her song. I will not judge her too harshly because I fully understand the pressures of opening night, and I am sure the pressure of a solo is equally as heavy. I am simply using it as an example. Any other line slips I noticed were fairly minor, and when they happened, the actors did a pretty good job of covering it up and going with the flow. The last big problem I had with Legally Blonde the Musical was the blocking. Call me crazy, but it seemed to me towards the end of the play that either the actors got extremely lazy with their blocking during the dances, or they simply did not rehearse the scenes enough. Either way, it was very obvious. Actors were off tempo, bumping into one another, and were also completely out of sync when they should not have been. The actors most guilty of that were the Delta Nu sorority sisters (except my sister, of course). I also noticed that it was not only the dance scenes that lacked blocking, but so did many of the conversational scenes. I love watching actors’ faces more than anything because I believe that’s where most acting is done. I wanted so badly to do that Friday night, but I spent the whole time craning my neck to try and get glimpses. Quite irritating, considering the fact that my mother and I showed up almost a half hour early to get seats in the center of the ho use. Acting is all about action, and action cannot be understood if it cannot be seen. Now that I have ranted and raved about what I really did not enjoy about the Friday night showing of Legally Blonde the Musical, I should probably talk about the things that I really enjoyed, which definitely outweighed the bad. My absolute favorite character (besides the ones played by my sister) was Enid Hoopes, played by senior Aubrie Bouchard. She was a women’s rights activist, as well as a full-blooded lesbian, your average tough girl with a lot to prove to the world. She was absolutely hilarious; her timing was great, her character development was awesome, and her projection was wonderful. She had me rolling with all of her perfectly timed quips, especially when her inner lesbian showed. My other favorite group of  characters was Elle’s three best friends from Malibu: Pilar, Margot, and Serena, who also came to be known as the Greek chorus. This was an extremely appropriate nickname because they served the same purpose as the original Greek choruses in the first plays. They always showed up in Elle’s times of need to provide her with support, and to provide the audience with information. They also happened to be hilarious and bubbly, as Delta Nu sisters should be. They also had wonderful projection, especially Serena, played by Jansen Morgen. I also enjoyed Professor Callahan’s character, played by Braxton Olgetree. He was not a very likable character as far as the plot of the play went, but I could tell the actor put a lot of work into his character, especially on the voice. He was drab and monotone, just like a law professor at Harvard should be, and his character work really shone through. I also must mention the most adorable and well-behav ed character of the entire show, the part of Rufus, Paulette’s dog, played by an American bulldog named Sarge. He was both cute and flawless. The other thing I loved about this play was the overall quality of the singing. I was very pleased with all the musical numbers; all the songs were cute and catchy, no one made my ears bleed, and I could hear everyone fairly well even with all of the microphone issues. Usually, from my personal experience, most high school musicals consist of two groups of people: choir kids and theater kids. Not all choir kids can act, and not all theater kids can sing, but I am pleased to say that this musical was not that way. Everyone was able to sing and act quite effectively. My favorite musical number was the song â€Å"Gay or European†, which was performed in the courtroom scene when they were trying to figure out whether or not the pool boy, who claimed to be Brooke Windam’s lover, was gay. It was very light-humored and entertaining. I also enjoyed the opening number, â€Å"Ohmigod†, which was performed by Elle and her Delta Nu sisters in the very beginning. Like I said from the start, I was a little biased towards this play from the beginning simply because my little sister was in it. However, even when I put my bias aside, I can honestly say I was thoroughly pleased with my experience as an audience member as a whole. While I must admit there were various issues with things like actor projection, lack of proper blocking,  and lack of line memorization, the overall quality of acting was quite enjoyable. The character work done by most of the actors was very apparent and applaudable. I loved all of the main characters, as well as the minor ones. The singing was also fantastic; I did not find myself cringing at any of the musical numbers. Instead, I actually found myself tapping my feet and sometimes even singing along with the catchy songs. I know the showings of Legally Blonde the Musical are all over now, but I would recommend it to anyone to go and see that show. It was definitely an â€Å"A† performance.

Mesosaurus Facts and Figures

Mesosaurus Facts and Figures Name: Mesosaurus (Greek for middle lizard); pronounced MAY-so-SORE-usHabitat: Swamps of Africa and South AmericaHistorical Period: Early Permian (300 million years ago)Size and Weight: About three feet long and 10-20 poundsDiet: Plankton and small marine organismsDistinguishing Characteristics: Slender, crocodile-like body; long tail About Mesosaurus Mesosaurus was the odd duck (if youll excuse the mixed species metaphor) among its fellow prehistoric reptiles of the early Permian period. For one thing, this slender creature was an anapsid reptile, meaning it did not have any characteristic openings on the sides of its skull, rather than a more common synapsid (a category that embraced the pelycosaurs, archosaurs and therapsids that preceded the dinosaurs; today, the only living anapsids are turtles and tortoises). And for another, Mesosaurus was one of the first reptiles to return to a partially aquatic lifestyle from its fully terrestrial forebears, like the prehistoric amphibians that preceded it by tens of millions of years. Anatomically, though, Mesosaurus was pretty much plain vanilla, looking a bit like a small, prehistoric crocodile... that is, if youre willing the overlook the thin teeth in its jaws that seem to have been used to filter plankton. Now that all thats been said, however, the most important thing about Mesosaurus is where it lived. The fossils of this prehistoric reptile have been discovered in eastern South America and southern Africa, and since Mesosaurus lived in freshwater lakes and rivers, it clearly couldnt have swum across the expanse of the southern Atlantic Ocean. For this reason, the existence of Mesosaurus helps support the theory of continental drift; that is, the now-well-attested fact that South America and Africa were joined together into the giant continent Gondwana 300 million years ago before the continental plates supporting them broke apart and drifted into their current positions. Mesosaurus is important for yet another reason: this is the earliest identified animal to have left amniote embryos in the fossil record. Its widely believed that amniote animals existed a few million years before Mesosaurus, only recently evolved from the first tetrapods to climb up onto dry land, but we have yet to discern any conclusive fossil evidence for these very early amniote embryos.

Grassroots

Grassroots Grassroots Grassroots By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Could you please explain the roots of the word grassroots? I sometimes wonder what the connection between people and grass is!   Grass has a great deal to do with people. Grass is a powerful archetypal symbol that works at the unconscious level to stir a variety of emotions. In his short, emotionally powerful poem called â€Å"Grass,† Carl Sandburg uses the symbol of grass to convey the waste and ultimate meaninglessness of war: Pile the bodies high at Austerlitz and Waterloo. Shovel them under and let me work- I am the grass; I cover all Two years, ten years, and passengers ask the conductor: What place is this? Where are we now? The author of Psalm 103 uses grass to illustrate the brevity of human existence: As for man, his days are as grass: as a flower of the field, so he flourishes. For the wind passes over it, and it is gone; and the place where it was shall know it no more. The importance of grass to human beings is rooted deep in the unconscious. Grasslands once covered up to 25 to 40 percent of the earths land surface. Grass feeds animals that feed people. The roots of grass are so interconnected that damage to one small patch threatens the whole. New grass signals the coming of spring. In fact, grass was once used as a name for spring or early summer: â€Å"She was five years old this grass.† One meaning of the term grassroots is â€Å"the fundamental level; the source or origin,† as illustrated by this citation in the OED: Not till I came to Shamlegh could I meditate upon the Course of Things, or trace the running grass-roots of Evil. - Kipling, 1901. Because grass is rooted in the earth, grassroots has become a term for â€Å"the common people.† In the context of politics, grassroots is used as both noun and adjective in reference to society at the local level. These observations at a political site called Renew America illustrate some of the meanings politicians attach to the term grassroots: Any political strategy that depends on broad grassroots support for its success needs to be based on a sound understanding of how the grassroots works.   By definition, the grassroots is the  bottom of the political pyramid,  opposite the establishment, which controls the top.   The grassroots is the very essence of politics.  It is dumping tea in a harbor, or standing up and testifying at a local city council meeting. It is that whole realm of politics  beyond official station. Grassroots is only one of several idioms that refer to grass. I’ll save the others for another post. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesConnotations of 35 Words for Funny PeopleEbook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

Compares three broad themes found in the film The Atomic Cafe and the Essay

Compares three broad themes found in the film The Atomic Cafe and the book Lost Girls by (kolker) - Essay Example The prominent themes found in both the pieces of work are violence, social callousness, and the deceptiveness of the government authorities. The callosity of few social institutions and the deceptive nature of the governmental authorities affect the public welfare leading to calamities that have some long-lasting impact on the society. These acts of violence tend to show the vulnerability of the society and are clearly evidenced in the incidents discussed in both the novel and the film. Kolker’s book recounts the traumatic life of five young sex workers, Shannan Gilbert, Maureen Brainard-Barnes, Melissa Barthelemy, Megan Waterman and Amber Overstreet Costello, who were gone missing and later found to be murdered by unidentified serial killer. It takes place from 1996 to 2012. This represents a sad cycle of poor families raised in declining towns. Their poor choices and economic problems lead to child neglect, child abuse, behavior disorders, and drug habits. Those are the partial cause of prostitution today. In the book, the author focuses on this sensitive case, compiling all the known facts along with the biographies of the victims. On the other hand, the documentary film titled The Atomic Cafà © talks about misleading political propagandas and its consequences on the society. The film discusses the emergence of nuclear threats and the misinformation doled out to the public by the governmental authorities, with a view to manipulate the reality of the situ ation. This is an era rife with paranoia, anxiety and misapprehension, while the film also exhibits a genuine nostalgia for an earlier and more innocent nation. The footages used in the film clearly capture the effects of the political pressures of war as well as the impact resulting from these destructive weapons, since the World War II to the Cold War years. The callousness of the American authorities who were responsible for the atom bomb calamity is well portrayed in the film. The

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Personal Statement Example Nursing Positions Held In the Past Five Years I have worked in several capacities in the past five years. I served as an ICU/CPU nurse. This position entailed provision of complete nursing care to patients in critical condition by closely observing them. Secondly, this position involved administering approved medicine to patients and collaborating with other medical practitioners in service delivery. It also entailed provision of support and education to families. Finally, it involved respiratory, speech and physical therapies, patient assessment and delivery of treatment in various leadership roles. The second position was a case manager or admission nurse in a hospice setting. This involved performing and reviewing admissions, evaluations and assessment. The third position I served in was in a case manager hospital setting. It involved constant support through comprehensive assessment and ensuring patient quality management by ensuring cost effectiveness. Finally, I served in as a staff nurse in a long-term care facility (LTAC). I helped physicians with bedside procedures, infection control, wound care and overall examinations. Personal and Professional Goals Over the Next Five Years My personal goals are to improve my education level thereby sharpening my knowledge and skills in the field. I plan to advance my education in the NSN Family Nurse Program. Once I complete the BSN program that I wish to pursue to increase my practice in the nursing career, I will have the relevant knowledge and skills to fit in the expanded role of FNP. My professional goals are focused towards developing my skills and knowledge. I plan to be attending seminars and educational forums to work on my skills. I purpose to be reading nursing and healthcare journals and periodicals to stay in touch with any changes in the practices. I plan to be playing an active role in the political affairs relating to professionalism practice organizations and insightfully seek DNP. Finally, I seek to acquire an entry level to practice in a FNP position and practice in an institution where I can serve families. Reasons Why I Chose the FNP Role To begin with, FNPs (Family Nursing Practitioners) have been known t have a long history of helping patients understand their illnesses and assist them in making improvements. This role is becoming increasingly dominant, most of the nurses are going for this option.The FNP role has grown immensely since its inception, and career opportunities are not limited to the hospital setting. This role is subject to professional longevity since FNPs will play an important role in expansion of health care service provision. This role enables me to provide primary and preventive health care services. Additionally, I will prescribe medications, diagnose and treat minor illnesses within the scope of practice. Additionally, this role encourages collaboration with physicians. This helps me to serve family and patients better. There are financial benefit s accruing from this role owing to increasing marketability in the profession. Although I appreciate the pay, it is not the sole reason why I chose to advance the practice role of an FNP. How I Will Utilize FNP Training Over the Next Five Years The FNP training will be of a positive impact in my career over the next five years. This training will help me identify past and current issues in the health care sector

Project Management and Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Project Management and Ethics - Case Study Example In analysing ethics, this paper will discuss the ethical considerations in the nuclear development and use among the developed countries. The March 11, 2011 earthquake that hit Japan’s Fukushima 1 nuclear plant had adverse effects not only on the lives of the people, but also on the environment. The earthquake, the biggest to hit the country caught the government unawares. The repercussions of the earthquake were devastating. It affected at least 80,000 people within a 12-mile radius through displacements. Further, a considerable number perished from the events that took place during this period. Reports indicate that three months after the earthquake, the plant was still leaking radioactive material. Fuel rods in reactors 1,2 and 3 melted down causing damage to the containment structure, sparking a series of fires in the plant. Additionally, there was extensive damage in infrastructure. In analysing this case, the paper will consider ethical principles and values that could h ave helped in avoiding the events that occurred during this accident. Ethics for a long time has evolved with the evolution of the society. From the times of Confucius, different thinkers, philosophers and thinkers have made considerable contributions to the field of ethics. Because ethics define, elements that make something good or bad, different people have suggested different ways defining good or bad elements of something. Currently, different theories and principles focus on societal ethics. The humanitarianism theory holds the belief that the sole moral obligation of humankind is the improvement of human welfare (Abu-Sada 2012,  p. 85). Over time, evolution of this theory has taken into consideration the concern of other people’s welfare and concern for their safety and reduced level of victimization of people in the society. Developed with relation to the slavery in the United States, contemporary humanitarianisms hold that the

Social Media In Present Day

Social Media In Present Day Social media is a compilation of online platforms that allows public to communicate through different type of online features. These connective features can be sharing of knowledge and idea, networking, online discussion, and other content of communicating (Heesters, as cited in Schets, 2010, p. 22). The concept of social media just about existed ten years ago. However nowadays, social media are the fastest growing websites online and can be see there is a rapid and continuing increase in their audience and reach. By catching up with this online trends, there are increasing number of nonprofit organizations are using social media as aims to increase outreach, fundraising and recruitment capacity. Nonprofits exploit the online social networks to offer exponential possibilities for developing personal relationships. Once an organization established a good connection to an individual, that person can leverage his or her personal contacts (Tetrick, 2010). Today, there were about half a billion people around the world have Facebook accounts and nearly 200 million have Twitter accounts. These two social networking sites will be the most popular among internet users worldwide. Statistics illustrated public who are younger, wealthier and better educated in demographic segments use social media more than other groups (Beribe, as cited in Berube, 2010, p. 1 ). Social media able to reach more consumers globally as it continues to grow, especially with social networking and microblogging sites. These are the most commonly sites used for socialization and connecting with friends, parents, relatives, etc. Among all the Social Netwroking Sites that used by the nonprofits, Facebook and blogging got the most attention from public. There were also recent studies indicated that old generations are using social media frequently. Therefore, social media has the potential to widen audience for nonprofits (Pierce Wood Smith, as cited in Hovey, 2010, p.2). The chart below shows how Schets (2010) illustrated social medias key social platforms. A chart of the key social platforms (Source: Adapted from Schets, 2010) The Importance of social media The social media is an unpaid media, it is created by an individual and company on the internet. (Weber, as cited in Kichatov Mihajlovski, 2010, p. 6). Over last few years, social media has become universal and even more significance for social networking and content sharing. The emerging of social media has directly affect traditional media and broadcast media as the main promotional tools. (Asur Huberman, 2010) The main role of social media in an organization is to facilitate communications either with the organization and with one another, or on their own terms. The communications will only be more effective if the organizations target audience is already comfortable with social media tools (Tetrick, 2010). Social media is believe to has more opportunities than traditional media. For instance, blogs allow two-way dialog between an organization and its public (Seltzer Mitrook, as cited in Hovey, 2010, p.2). Moreover, social media platforms allow organizations to freely take advantage of existing social networks and virally spread their messages. For nonprofit organizations, social media sites, such as blogs and Twitter, provide new ways to engage publics in, fundraising, activism, and publicity (Kanter, 2007; Mattson Barnes, Waters, Burnett, Lamm Lucas, as cited in Tetrick, 2010, p. 15). Through social media, non profits organizations share the work of publicity and advocacy with volunteers. Their organizational information is open to public too (Cronk, Fine, Waters as cited in Tetrick, 2010, p. 12 ). Undeniable, it can be clearly seen that both the organizational communication and public relations have a rapid change due to todays internet technologies (Curtis, as cited in Tetrick, 2010, p.1). The previous public relations studies indicate that social media is widely being use in public relations sector, espcially the phenomenon of blogging have the potential to bring dramatic changes to many aspects of public relations. However, they do not use it to the fullest mean (Eyrich Padman Sweetser Kent Xifra Huertas, as cited in Hovey, 2010, p. 1) Accoding to the other public relations studies, the role of social media mainly help the organization to cultivate the relationships with their publics. Moreover, it allows the organizations to react immediately to the problem from their public (Wright Hinson, as cited in Hovey, 2010, p. 2). Furthermore, the internet technologies has become a publicity tool after President Barack Obamas election campaign. By the use of social media, he successfully raise around $750 million. Not only that, he able to mobilize more than 13 million supporters during his 2008 election (Scearce, as cited in Tetrick, 2010, p. 6). After reviewing the previous research studies, it can be conclude that social media is an essential tool which play the role in facilitating the overall communication process. By using social media, it can gain fresh support for the organization. Morover, by making them more immediate, open an avenue to a new audience, it can strengthen an organizations existing communication attempts. Social Media and Youth It can be say that young generations today grow up with the internet. Our young generations have the whole globe at the point of their finger tips. The emerging of the social media somehow is shaping and changing the way our young generations is communicating with others. Social media become their daily partner on the internet world. Through social media, youth able to get their relationship, friendship, information, entertainment, education, etc. It can be seen clearly that there were an obvious changing pattern of media use among young generation in present day (Jalil Jalil Latiff, 2010). The importance of charity awareness Charity awareness plays a key role in which it will create a desire for people to help others. Individual who has charitably aware instigates a sense of fulfilment to those who translate their desire to actions and thus improve the lives of those who are in need (Soft Power Education Blog, 2008). In this study, the awareness towards charity work refers to the capability to have an in-depth knowledge which will educate people more about charity work and encourage more people to be involves in charity work. By having charity awareness, it will indirectly create a desire to aid others. Individual who have charity awareness will try to think of ways and means to build bridges to deliver the task. As a consequence, it will reach a certain goal of fulfilment with oneself through the advancement of the lives of those less fortunate people who are the object of that charitable desire. Link between Social Media Charity Work Awareness Not surprisingly, all charities associations raise funds and need donations in order to sustain their causes. Without those funds, they will hardly survive in society. All the money received by charities is used for the cause each charity is committed to. The received funds used to help needy children and families and even protecting animals from human abuse, while a small amount is use for future fundraising activity. It is very significant for charity organizations to invest in fundraising so that it can attract new supporter and to inform public about the updated events and activities as well as latest information about the campaign. In this study, public who have charity awareness will automatically lent their hands to help those who is in needed. In present day, there were more and more charities use social media to promote their good cause. Basically, social media is a good promotional tool for charities to increase awareness among public. Many charities use social networking such as Facebook, Twitter and other online platform in promoting their causes. Previous research shows that by using social media to promote, it can make the campaign to be successful once done in the right way. CASE STUDY World vision Malaysia World Vision has been established in Malaysia for 14 years. It serves as the support office of World Vision International. It is a charity organization that assists the poor especially children to help themselves. It will collect fund from public then donate to people that in backward countries. There are three main programs in World Vision. They are Child Sponsorship program, 30- Hour Famine program and Gifts of Hope program. These programs aim to help child that is in need. Through Child Sponsorship program, public can sponsor needy children by just donate RM50 per month to provide them education, food and others. For 30- Hour Famine, participants are require fast for food for 30 hours in order to get them experiences the hunger that those children and families endure everyday. Besides, through Gifts of Hope program, public can sent gifts to the needy children or families that select from the catalogue such as school uniforms, livestock for families and others (World Vision Malaysi a, 2006). 30-hour Famine 30-Hour Famine began in Malaysia since 1997. It is known as a global movement against poverty and hunger worldwide. Its main purpose is to encourage public to donate and help children as well as families in need. The fund which collected will be able to help feed and care for tens of thousands of kids all over the world. Since famine intend to motivate ordinary people to care and assist for those unlucky and needed people, therefore participants will get to experiences hunger for 30 hours through the 30-Hour famine campaign that will be conducted once a year. During the fast for 30 hours, participants undertake different activities while learning about some global issues. They also learn what it takes to stop hunger in its tracks. The fast can be done with a group or individually, it is depend on the participants themselves. Due to 30-Hour Famine is powered by World Vision, the donors are not just feeding kids for a day but are helping them overcome poverty for a lifetime. 30-Hour Famine History World Vision was established in Malaysia in 1997. The first 30-Hour Famine in Malaysia was organized by The Sin Chew daily. It was successfully raises for around RM2.6 million. Although the crisis strikes was happened on 1999, but the 30-Hour Famine still continue to roll in. During this period, Fish Leong started to join the Famine and had her first performance. After this, Silvia Chang and Sally Woo become the ambassadors of the Famine at year 2000. The first off- site Famine was held in Penang in this year too. At the following year, HELP University College appeared to be the headquarters of the Famine after the Sin Chew. The Famine was held all together in KL, Johor and Penang. Their sponsor will be E-Excel and Nesh. In 2002, the Famine camp which is with English version was held. Its headquarter, HELP University College is assigned to be the host of both the English and Chinese Famine Camps. At 2003, the SARS epidemic is very serious and forced the Famine have to be postponed from May to July. Due to this reason, the Famine was held in Stadium Juara, Bukit Kiara KL for the first time. In order to show their caring to the community, the English campers visited local charities and presented proposals on their causes at 2004. After that, the first Volunteer Training Camp was held. On the other hand, due to campers form Johor began and ended their fast on the train, therefore, the Famine Express was born. In 2006, the Famine camp continue to gain a lot of enthusiastic responses from the public, an unprecedented number of newcomers join both the Chinese and English Famine camps. The media also play an important role in promoting the camps. During its 10th year anniversary at 2007, it was reported the Famine has been break the record whereby about 10, 000 sponsors, donors, volunteers and campers took part in its largest camp ever. Furthermore, the Famine stared to spread its wing to East Malaysia for the first time. In 2008, the Do it Yourself (DIY) camps were held across the nation. The Famine was also decentralised in order to widen its reach and empower its supporters. Since the issue of global food crisis is getting serious day by day, therefore, World Vision offices in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and Australia decided to focus on the Global Food Crisis. In Malaysia, it gain a good response from public in which there are about 100 DIY camps with the more than 10,000 campers joined the joined the cause of fighting global hunger and raise awareness on the food crisis among public. Identity 30-Hour Famine Logo World Visions vision statement Our vision for every child, life in all its fullness Our prayer for every heart, the will to make it so World Visions mission statement The mission of World Vision is to follow our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ in working with the poor and oppressed to promote human transformation, seek justice and bear witness to the good news of the Kingdom of God. World Visions core values The World Vision Partnership shares a common understanding bound together by six core values. With these core values, World Vision able to live and work towards because it treat the core values as the fundamental and guiding principles that determine World Visions actions. The six core values as below: We are Christian We value people We are partners We are committed to the poor We are stewards We are responsive Uses and gratifications Theory (UG) Uses and Gratification theory is a time-honored media use theory. It is a theory which is based on the concept that a person cannot influence by media unless he or she has some use for that media or its messages. (Ruggiero, as cited in Stafford Schkade, 2004, p. 226). Through this theory, it can help to understand consumer motivations for media use. UG theory was started in the 1940s when researchers interested to find out the reasons why audiences engaged in different types of media behavior (Wimmer Dominick, as cited in Ruggiero, 2000, p. 4). UG Theory illustrate how people actively seek out specify media and specify content to generate specify gratifications (West Turner, ac cited in Chasse, 2009, p. 2). Furthermore, it worked to explain media need for individual and individual involvement. Beginning in the 1920s and continue on into the 21st century, some media scholars have practised an in-depth understanding of human interaction with mass media, what effects media will on the audiences and how audiences use media. There are strong connections between media selection and the gratifications consumers seek. (Bantz, Blumler, McQuail, Mcleod, Becker, Rubin Ruggiero, as cited in Ancu Cozma, 2009, p. 569) There are 5 basic assumptions in UG theory. Firstly, the audience is considered active. Second, audience uses media with goal-oriented. Not only that, audience have self- awareness to know and understand well the purpose for using certain media. Third, different people own different type of communication behaviours. They are based upon psychological and social factors. Fourth, these two factors will influence how good media can serve and satisfy peoples needs and wants. People will select which media they like the most. Finally, people are sometimes more influential than media. People will chose other media to get information when they were not satisfy with the current media they chose (Rubin, as cited in Pornsakulvanich, 2005, p.14) By view from the psychological perspective, UG basically emphasized the active role of individual in choosing media to fulfil their needs. This theory normally focused on to explain the way why and how people use the media rather than the way media influence people (Klapper, as cited in Pornsakulvanich, 2005, p. 13). Previous research assumes that audience are actively involved in the media consumption (Rubin, Ruggiero, Severin, Tankard, Windahl, as cited in Ancu Cozma, 2009, p. 569). Some scholars stated that the social media is pull-media in which it aims to provide information that is interest to certain audience, users have to be actively click and type to access those information. It can make user become more goal-oriented and aware in their everyday consumption (LaRose, Eastin, Lin Jeffres, as cited in Ancu Cozma, 2009, p. 569). UG theory has been applied to different types of online content due to different media fulfil different needs (Perse, Courtright, Dun, as cited in Ancu Cozma, 2009, p. 569). Online media play the same role as television, radio in order to provide entertainment, satisfaction and social interaction needs (Ferguson, Perse, Kaye, Papacharissi Rubin, as cited in Ancu Cozma, 2009, p. 569). However, there are still some differences between online media and traditional media. For example, online media enable audience to control over content. By using search engine, internet users able to search for specific issue compared to less interactive media such as television and radio (Kaye, as cited in Ancu Cozma, 2009, p. 569). Nowadays, most of the mass communication scholars point out the UG theory normally is identified to be a sub tradition of media effects research (McQuail, 1994). As Ruggiero (2000) state, the emergence of computer-mediated communication has revived the important of UG theory. Pratically, it provided a cutting edge theoretical approach at the beginning stages of each new mass communications medium such as television, radio, newspapers, and now the Internet. Accoding to UG thoerry, the audience is selective when using media and mostly is encouraged by rational self-awareness of the individuals own needs and an expectation that those needs will be satisfied by particular types of media and content (Katz, as cited in ruggiero, 2000, p. 18). Accoding to few recent researchs, it stated research who has UG involvement which focuses on more advanced communication technologies such as uses of the Internet found few gratifications, which were information seeking , entertainment and diversion, exploration and relationship building (Charney, Greenberg, Kuehn, Tewksbury, Althaus, as cited in Melanie Grellhesl, 2010, p. 24). Television and internet hold the same roles as to entertain, to provide escapism, and social interaction (Ferguson, Perse, Kaye, Papacharissi Rubin as cited in Ancu Cozma, 2009, p. 569). Explanation In this study, those undergraduate students are actually applying the UG approach when they are deciding to look for more information about 30-Hour Famine. Students choose the medium that could satisfy their needs to find out for information that they wanted to know about 30-Hour Famine campaign, and that they are able to recognise their reasons for making media choices by chosing social media. The uses and gratifications approach use to test how the audience uses mass media to satisfy psychological and social needs. As an actice audience, they chose their favour media based on their ability to satisfy their needs. In this study, people who are interested to be involved in charity work such as 30-Hour Famine will try to find out more information about the organization through their favour media. Most of the undergraduates students select social media to satify their need as they are active internet users. Internet is suited well to the UG approach (Kaye Johnson, as cited in Stark, 2009, p. 21). Audience is active due to the internet create a two-way communication. In this study, those undergraduate students are active audience. There were a two- way communication when students posted comment and asked questions on the 30-Hour Famine official website, it can help students to be even more understand about the campaign. Additionally, students who were using the web will actively look out for more information about the campaign by clicking on links and using search engines, hence showing that the web is goal oriented and those undergraduates students were aware of the needs they were attempting to satisfy (Lin Jeffres, 1998, as cited in Stark, 2009, p. 21). As a conclusion, the advanced communications technology nowadays did benefits user a lof in communication. User can have have more choices to select when communicate with others, it also allowed new ways for users to communicate (Ruggiero , as cited in Melanie Grellhesl, 2010, p. 22) For example, social media is a new way for internet users to communicate with each other. By using social media, internet users able to post, view, comment anything in the internet.

Basketball and My Life Essay -- Personal Narratives Sports Athletics E

Basketball and my life I have throughout my whole life been playing sports. I still play basketball competitively and now it’s at the university level. Basketball though was not my first love when it came to playing sports. It has though become my true focus since junior high school. Coming from Canada everybody plays hockey. Its almost as if as soon as you learn to walk you learn how to skate. Whether it is at the recreation centre or at the shinny rink around the corner everyone plays. Eventually I abandoned hockey to play basketball which I have done so for the last twelve years of my life and hopefully a few more years into the future. It happened watching it on television seeing all the great players such as Michael Jordan, Hakeem Olajuwon and Larry Bird. The most important influence would have had to been my mother who in her younger years played basketball for the Canadian junior national team. It was when she was playing at the gym I would tag along and just play around. Although I played both basketball and hockey until grade seven it just seemed I was better suited for basketball. With that rate that I had been growing at I was taller and with all the help that I received from my mom I had developed basketball wise much faster than many of the other children my age. Once I became focused on just one sport I started to strive to become like those aforementioned players. Soon though I realized that only a select and lucky few will ever become as great as them and get a chance to play in the NBA. But I never lost my drive to become the best player that I could become. I tried to achieve this by spending all my free hours in the gym working on all aspects of my game. All the time and effort paid off. Th... ...een able to do that. I have been averaging ten points and six rebounds more than anyone expected from me when I arrived here in Flagstaff at the beginning of the year, no one was even expecting me to even play. With the way that I have been able to play another door has opened up for me that I once thought was nearly impossible. That is the chance to play on the Canadian junior national team like my mother once did. This would be a great accomplishment for myself as well for all of my coaches that have helped me to reach my potential and get me to where I am today. And as my focus has changed from hockey when I was a child to basketball now many new doors have opened for me and I am very thankful. But it’s not over yet as I hope one day to play for my national basketball team and if all works out well maybe get a chance to get paid to play the game that I love.

R.E Coursework Religion and Medical Issues Essay

Ai) Infertility is when a couple cannot naturally conceive a child. There are many treatments to get around infertility; some of these, may however raise moral issues. There are many treatments available; Fertility drugs are one of these, this is where an infertile woman is given drugs, which stop infertility and make a woman capable of carrying a child. These are recognised by the church, as the sacredness of life is not threatened. AIH (artificial insemination by the husband), is another of these treatments. The sperm of the husband is taken and artificially put it in the wife. AID (artificial insemination by the donor), this is for if the man does not produce sperm. An anonymous donor donates his sperm, which is then artificially put into the woman. Gamete storing, is a fairly new process where the gametes are frozen, this means that if one of the parents has a treatment which makes them infertile, they can use the gametes which are stored. Surrogacy. This is where an alien hostess carries the baby. The sperm of the man is artificially inserted into the hostess. This is not recognised by the church because it is very similar to adultery. Aii) Roman Catholics have the view that life is sacred and therefore the sacredness of life must be protected. The church believes that no one has the right to children; if someone is infertile it is because it is supposed to be that way. Any of the treatments, which involve the destruction of embryos, are banned because this is the same as abortion and that is banned in the Catholic Church. The Church bans any of the treatments, which involve artificial insemination by the husband, as this involves masturbation, which is a sin in the eyes of the church. In AID and surrogacy the child does not get to know their biological parents, the church believes that the child has a right to know their biological parents. All forms of fertility treatments involve procreation outside of sex; God intended procreation to be part of the sex act. Other Christian churches allow IVF and AIH as they believe it is a good use of technology to provide families with the happiness of children. God intended families to have children, if IVF or AIH is the only way to do that it should be done. The egg and sperm are from the husband and wife and so it is not counted as adultery and therefore it is still a pure loving act. Some of the embryos are destroyed in these processes; embryos, which are not yet foetuses, so therefore it is not considered murder. The other churches still have major concerns about the other treatments; they have not banned them, however. All churches encourage childless families to adopt as they believe all children should have a loving happy family. iii) Generally Christians believe in transplant surgery and think that it is a good thing. Some Christians have some ethical issues, however. They believe that it would be wrong for rich people to pay for organs. It is well known that some wealthier 1st world citizens would be more than willing to exploit uneducated, 3rd world citizens to save themselves. This is known as the black market. The people in Africa may not be well educated and therefore do not realise that it is dangerous. It could be dangerous as the surgeon in Africa may be using dirty equipment and therefore the African would be vulnerable to infection. It is also exploiting the poor which is condemned by the bible. Some Christians are opposed to using organs from the dead but support using those of the living. They believe that organs such as the heart are an intrinsic part of the individual created by God. Transplanting organs from the dead into the living is usurping the role of God, and humans do not have the right to play God. This is a sin and is condemned by the Bible. Jesus taught us to love thy neighbour. If an organ can be transplanted while someone is alive then it is not vital and transplanting it would be, ‘loving thy neighbour.’ Some Christians believe all transplant surgery wrong and condemn it. They believe that transplants ignore the sanctity of life. This is a great sin in the eyes of the church. They believe that transplanting organs is ‘playing God’ and this is one of the great sins. They also believe that it is very expensive and requires very skilled people of which there are few. It raises the question of when someone is considered dead, as the heart needs to be removed when it is still beating. It diverts recourses from less expensive treatments which could help far more people than transplants. Most Muslims believe that transplants are wrong. They believe that it is against God’s will to remove anything from the body after death this means that none of the organs can be removed. They believe that God created each person and so to remove something from one and put it in another is to act as God which is the greatest sin in Islam. They believe that life is sacred and only God has the right to give and take it.